Structural, biological and computational study of oxamide derivative Scientific paper
Main Article Content
Abstract
A dicarboxylato-diamide-type compound 2,2'-[(1,2-dioxoethane-1,2-diyl)diimino]dibenzoic acid (H4obbz) (1) was synthesized and characterized. The crystal structure of K2H2obbz·2H2O (2) was determined by X-ray diffracttion analysis. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds were tested against four different cancer cell lines MCF-7, A549, HT-29, HeLa and a human normal cell line MRC-5. The results indicate reasonable dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the ligands that show selectivity against the tested carcinoma and healthy cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence microscopy showed that the most active compound, H4obbz, induced apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, indicating blockage of DNA synthesis as a possible mechanism that triggers apoptosis. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations gave similar responses regarding interactions (binding) between their ligands and chaperon Grp78. The MMGBSA determined ΔG binding energies were in the range from –104 to –140 kJ mol-1.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Funding data
-
Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja
Grant numbers 451-03-9/2021-14/200122
References
Z. D. Matović, E. Mrkalić, G. Bogdanović, V. Kojić, A. Meetsma, R. Jelić, J. Inorg. Biochem. 121 (2013) 134 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.01.006)
E. M. Mrkalić, R. M. Jelić, O. R. Klisurić, Z. D. Matović, J. Chem. Soc. Dalt. Trans. 43 (2014) 15126 (https://doi.org/10.1039/c3dt53384k)
S. Kumar, Cell Death Differ. 14 (2007) 32 (https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4402060)
C. M. Palermo, C. A. Bennett, A. C. Winters, C. S. Hemenway, Leuk. Res. 32 (2008) 633 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2007.08.002)
C. Assunção Guimarães, R. Linden, Eur. J. Biochem. 271 (2004) 1638 (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04084.x)
L. Galluzzi, O. Kepp, G. Kroemer, Oncogene 31 (2012) 2805 (https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2011.459)
Y. Qiao, C. Dsouza, A. A. Matthews, Y. Jin, W. He, J. Bao, F. Jiang, R. Chandna, R. Ge, L. Fu, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 193 (2020) 112228 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112228)
K. Nakatani, J. Y. Carriat, Y. Journaux, O. Kahn, F. Lloret, J. P. Renard, Y. Pei, J. Sletten, M. Verdaguer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989) 5739 (https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a036)
G.M. Sheldrick, SADABS, Siemens Area Detector Absorption Correction Software, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 1996
G.M. Sheldrick, SHELXL97, Program for Structure Refinement, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 1997
L. J. Farrugia, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32 (1999) 837 (https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889899006020)
W. Schmitz, Krist. Und Tech. 10 (1975) K120 (https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.19750101116)
M. N. Burnett, C. K. Johnson, ORTEP-III: Oak Ridge Thermal Ellipsoid Plot Program for crystal structure illustrations, Oak Ridge, TN, 1996 (https://doi.org/10.2172/369685)
Gaussian 09, Revision A.02, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2016
A. D. Becke, Phys. Rev., A 38 (1988) 3098 (https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.38.3098)
C. Lee, W. Yang, R. G. Parr, Phys. Rev. B 37 (1988) 785 (https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.37.785)
A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 98 (1993) 5648 (https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464913)
M. F. Peintinger, D. V. Oliveira, T. Bredow, J. Comput. Chem. 34 (2013) 451 (https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.23153)
A. T. Macias, D. S. Williamson, N. Allen, J. Borgognoni, A. Clay, Z. Daniels, P. Dokurno, M. J. Drysdale, G. L. Francis, C. J. Graham, R. Howes, N. Matassova, J. B. Murray, R. Parsons, T. Shaw, A. E. Surgenor, L. Terry, Y. Wang, M. Wood, A. J. Massey, J. Med. Chem. 54 (2011) 4034 (https://doi.org/10.1021/jm101625x)
G. Jones, P. Willett, R. C. Glen, A. R. Leach, R. Taylor, J. Mol. Biol. 267 (1997) 727 (https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1996.0897)
O. Trott, A. J. Olson, J. Comput. Chem. 31 (2010) 455 (https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21334)
Amber 2021, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 2021
W. L. Jorgensen, J. Chandrasekhar, J. D. Madura, R. W. Impey, M. L. Klein, J. Chem. Phys. 79 (1983) 926 (https://doi.org/10.1063/1.445869)
W. L. Jorgensen, J. D. Madura, Mol. Phys. 56 (1985) 1381 (https://doi.org/10.1080/00268978500103111)
P. Li, L. F. Song, K. M. Merz, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 11 (2015) 1645 (https://doi.org/10.1021/ct500918t)
A. W. Götz, M. J. Williamson, D. Xu, D. Poole, S. Le Grand, R. C. Walker, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 8 (2012) 1542 (https://doi.org/10.1021/ct200909j)
R. Salomon-Ferrer, A. W. Götz, D. Poole, S. Le Grand, R. C. Walker, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 9 (2013) 3878 (https://doi.org/10.1021/ct400314y)
S. Le Grand, A. W. Götz, R. C. Walker, Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 (2013) 374 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2012.09.022)
M. S. Jeremić, H. Wadepohl, V. V. Kojić, D. S. Jakimov, R. Jelić, S. Popović, Z. D. Matović, P. Comba, RSC Adv. 7 (2017) 5282 (https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA26199J)
T. Mosmann, J. Immunol. Methods 65 (1983) 55 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4)
N. Khanna, H. Jayaram, N. Singh, Life Sci. 75 (2004) 179 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.11.026)
S. Zinkel, A. Gross, E. Yang, Cell Death Differ. 13 (2006) 1351 (https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cdd.4401987)
R. Kim, M. Emi, K. Tanabe, Y. Uchida, K. Arihiro, Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 32 (2006) 269 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2005.12.006)
G. Kroemer, S. J. Martin, Nat. Med. 11 (2005) 725 (https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1263)
J. Peng, X. Chen, Q. Hu, M. Yang, H. Liu, W. Wei, S. Liu, H. Wang, Mol. Med. Rep. 10 (2014) 2271 (https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2489)
E. Rosati, R. Sabatini, G. Rampino, F. De Falco, M. Di Ianni, F. Falzetti, K. Fettucciari, A. Bartoli, I. Screpanti, P. Marconi, Blood 116 (2010) 2713 (https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-03-275628)
Y. Wang, J. Hu, Y. Cai, S. Xu, B. Weng, K. Peng, X. Wei, T. Wei, H. Zhou, X. Li, and Guang Liang, J. Med. Chem 56 (2013) 9601 (https://doi.org/10.1021/jm4016312)
C. Girdlestone, S. Hayward, J. Comput. Biol. 23 (2016) 21 (https://doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2015.0143).