Overpotential controls the morphology of electrolytically produced copper dendritic forms
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The morphologies of copper dendritic forms obtained in both potentiostatic and galvanostatic regimes of electrolysis with various amounts of the electricity were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. Irrespective of amount of passed electricity, 3D (three dimensional) pine-like dendrites with sharp tips were formed in the potentiostatic regime of electrolysis. On the other hand, the amount of passed electricity had a strong effect on the shape of the 3D pine-like dendrites formed in the galvanostatic regime of electrolysis. Dendrites with sharp tips were formed with smaller amount of passed electricity, while dendrites with globular tips were formed with larger amounts. The change in the shape of the galvanostatically synthesized 3D pine-like dendrites was explained by comparison with copper deposits obtained potentiostatically at overpotentials that corresponded to the final overpotentials during galvanostatic regime of electrolysis for the analyzed amounts of electricity. Based on the similarity of the obtained morphologies at the macro level, it was concluded that the overpotential plays a crucial role in the formation of the electrolytically synthesized dendrites and that the controlled conditions of electrolysis could represent a suitable way for a synthesis of spherical Cu particles by electrolysis.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
References
R. K. Nekouei, F. Rashchi, A. A. Amadeh, Powder Technol. 237 (2013) 165 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.032)
M. G. Pavlović, K. I. Popov, Metal powder production by electrolysis, in Electrochemistry Encyclopedia (http://knowledge.electrochem.org/encycl/art-p04-metalpowder.htm)
M. G. Pavlović, Lj. J. Pavlović, V. M. Maksimović, N. D. Nikolić, K. I. Popov, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 5 (2010) 1862
G. Orhan, G. Hapci, Powder Technol. 201 (2010) 57 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.03.003)
N. D. Nikolić, Lj. J. Pavlović, M. G. Pavlović, K. I. Popov, Powder Technol. 185 (2008) 195 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.10.014)
G. Orhan, G. G. Gezgin, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 77 (2012) 651 (doi: 10.2298/JSC110627196O)
T. N. Ostanina, V. M. Rudoi, A. V. Patrushev, A. B. Darintseva, A. S. Farlenkov, J. Electroanal. Chem. 750 (2015) 9 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.04.031)
Lj. Avramović, V. M. Maksimović, Z. Baščarević, N. Ignjatović, M. Bugarin, R. Marković, N. D. Nikolić, Metals 9 (2019) 56 (doi:10.3390/met9010056)
N. D. Nikolić, G. Branković, M. G. Pavlović, Powder Technol. 221 (2012) 271 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.01.014)
K. I. Popov, S. S. Djokić, N. D. Nikolić, V. D. Jović, Morphology of Electrochemically and Chemically Deposited Metals, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2016 (doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-26073-0)
R. K. Nekouei, F. Rashchi, N. N. Joda, Powder Technol. 237 (2013) 554 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.12.046)
K. I. Popov, Lj. J. Pavlović, E. R. Ivanović, V. Radmilović, M. G. Pavlović, J. Serb. Chem. Soc. 67 (2002) 61
R. K. Nekouei, F. Rashchi, A. Ravanbakhsh, Powder Technol. 250 (2013) 91 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.10.012)
J. Xue, Q. Wu, Z. Wang, S. Yi, Hydrometallurgy 82 (2006) 154 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.010)
W. Lou,W. Cai, P. Li, J. Su, S. Zheng, Yi Zhang, W. Jin, Powder Technol. 326 (2018) 84 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.12.060)
H. Wang, Q. Wang, W. Xia, B. Ren, Powder Technol. 343 (2019) 607 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.11.078)
K. I. Popov, M. G. Pavlović, in Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, R. W. White, J. OM. Bockris, B. E. Conway, Eds., Vol. 24, Plenum Press, New York, 1993, pp. 299–
–391
N. D. Nikolić, K. I. Popov, in Electrochememical Production of Metal Powders, Series Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, S. S. Djokić, Ed., Vol. 54, Springer, New York, 2012, pp. 125–185 (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2380-5_3)
K. I. Popov, M. G. Pavlović, M. D. Maksimović, S. Krstajić, J. Appl. Electrochem. 8 (1978) 503 (https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00610795)
K. I. Popov, M. G. Pavlović, M. D. Maksimović, J. Appl. Electrochem. 12 (1982) 525 (https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00614978)
N. D. Nikolić, P. M. Živković, B. Jokić, M. G. Pavlović, J. S. Stevanović, Maced. J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 33 (2014) 169
Lj. Avramović, M. Bugarin, D. Milanović, V. Conić, M. M. Pavlović, M. Vuković, N. D. Nikolić, J. Min. Metall., B-Metall. 54 (2018) 291 (doi: 10.2298/JMMB171002020A)
J. W. Diggle, A. R. Despic, J. O. Bockris, J. Electrochem. Soc. 116 (1969) 1503 (doi:10.1149/1.2411588)
N. D. Nikolić, Lj. Avramović, E. R. Ivanović, V. M. Maksimović, Z. Baščarević, N. Ignjatović, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 29 (2019) 1275 (doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(19)65034-X)
J. L. Barton, J. O' M. Bockris, Proc. Roy. Soc., A 268 (1962) 485
Copper Powder, CNPC POWDER, Vancouver, http://www.cnpcpowder.com/products/copper/ (accessed Dec, 2019)
P. Chokratanasombat, E. Nisaratanaporn, Eng. J. 16 (2012) 39 (doi:10.4186/ej.2012.16.4.39)
S. Stopić, P. Dvorak, B. Friedrich, World of Metallurgy – ERZMETALL 58 (2005) 195.