Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) tincture enriched with propolis or green tea from Serbia: UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS characterization, mineral content and antibacterial activity
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the differences in chemical composition and mineral content of pure Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) tincture with those enriched with propolis or green tea. The chemical composition and mineral content were analyzed by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and ICP-OES methods, respectively. Among all samples, Reishi/propolis tincture contained a significant amount of polyphenols, with the dominant contribution of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Regarding mineral content, P, K, and Na were the most abundant in all tinctures. Reishi/propolis tincture also demonstrated the best antibacterial activity, with P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa as the most sensitive bacteria.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Funding data
-
Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja
Grant numbers 451-03-136/2025-03/200133;451-03-137/2025-03/200133
References
S. Wu, S. Zhang, B. Peng, D. Tan, M. Wu, J. Wei, Y. Wang, H. Luo, Food Sci. Hum. Wellness 13 (2024) 568 (https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250051)
K. Sułkowska-Ziaja, M. Balik, A. Szczepkowski, M. Trepa, G. Zengin, K. Kała, B. Muszyńska, Diversity 15 (2023) 882 (https://doi.org/10.3390/d15080882)
S. Wachtel-Galor, J. Yuen, J.A. Buswell, I. F. F. Benzie, Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi or Reishi): A Medicinal Mushroom, in Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects second edition, I. F. F. Benzie, S. Wachtel-Galor, Ed(s)., CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 2011, pp. 175–200 (https://doi.org/10.1201/b10787)
A. K. Balasubramaniam, A. Elangovan, M. A. Rahman, S. Nayak, D. Swain, H. P. Babu, A. Narasimhan, V. Monga, Fitoterapia 183 (2025) 106526 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106526)
N. Bhatti, Y. A. Hajam, S. Mushtaq, L. Kaur, R. Kumar, S. Rai, Discov. Sustain. 5 (2024) 185 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00375-3)
A. Sarapa, A. Peter, A. Buettner, H. M. Loos, Eur. Food Res. Technol. 251 (2025) 1331(https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-025-04708-y)
J. Sun, S. Dong, J. Li, H. Zhao, Food Sci. Hum. Wellness 11 (2022) 1143 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.008)
V. Tadić, I. Arsić, J. Zvezdanović, A. Zugić, D. Cvetković, S. Pavkov, J. Ethnopharmacol. 199 (2017) 138 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.002)
S. V. Dončić, J. B. Zvezdanović, S. M. Petrović, S. R. Savić, I. B. Konstantinović, D. Z. Troter, J. M. Jovanović Mirković, S. S. Konstantinović, Adv. Technol. 13 (2024) 5 (https://doi.org/10.5937/savteh2401005D)
S. Savić, S. Petrović, M. Petronijević, A. Cvetanović, Ž. Petronijević, Adv. Technol. 8 (2019) 27 (https://doi.org/10.5937/SavTeh1901027S)
CLSI Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. CLSI supplement M100, Wayne PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2020
D. H. Ryu, J. Y. Cho, N. B. Sadiq, J.-C. Kim, B. Lee, M. Hamayun, T. S. Lee, H. S. Kim, S. H. Park, C. W. Nho, H.-Y. Kim, Food Chem. 335 (2021) 127645 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127645)
R. J. Robbins, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 51 (2003) 2866 (https://doi.org/10.1021/jf026182t)
E. de Rijke, P. Out, W. M. A. Niessen, F. Ariese, C. Gooijer, U. A. Th. Brinkman, J. Chromatogr. A 1112 (2006) 31 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.019)
Z. Yan, B. Xia, M. H. Qiu, D. L. Sheng, H. X. Xu, Biomed. Chromatogr. 27 (2013) 1560 (https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.2960)
T.-Q. Chen, C. Yang, J.-G. Wu, J.-Z. Wu, J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 8 (2016) 730 (https://www.jocpr.com/articles/total-triterpenoids-from-the-ultrasoniccirculating-extract-powder-of-ganoderma-lucidum-and-its-antioxidant-activity-in-v.pdf)
C. C. Wyrepkowski, D. L. M. Gomes da Costa, A. P. Sinhorin, W. Vilegas, R. A. De Grandis, F. A. Resende, E. A. Varanda, L. C. dos Santos, Molecules 19 (2014) 16039 (https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191016039)
D. H. Markowicz Bastos, L. A. Saldanha, R. R. Catharino, A. C. H. F. Sawaya, I. B. S. Cunha, P. O. Carvalho, M. N. Eberlin, Molecules 12 (2007) 423 (https://doi.org/10.3390/12030423)
MassBank Record, http://www.massbank.jp (accessed 13 May 2025)
Z. Benayad, C. Gómez-Cordovés, N. E. Es-Safi, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15 (2014) 20668 (https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151120668)
H.-Y. Zhao, J.-H. Sun, M.-X. Fan, L. Fan, L. Zhou, Z. Li, J. Han, B.-R. Wang, D.-A. Guo, J. Chromatogr. A 1190 (2008) 157 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.109)
X. Jiang, Y. Liu, W. Li, L. Zhao, F. Meng, Y. Wang, H. Tan, H. Yang, C. Wei, X. Wan, L. Gao, T. Xia, PLoS One 8 (2013) e62315 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062315)
J.-P. Cornard, C. Lapouge, J. Phys. Chem. A 110 (2006) 7159 (https://doi.org/10.1021/jp060147y)
F. Pellati, G. Orlandini, D. Pinetti, S. Benvenuti, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 55 (2011) 934 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.024)
M. Ye, W.-Z. Yang, K.-D. Liu, X. Qiao, B.-J. Li, J. Cheng, J. Feng, D.-A. Guo, Y.-Y. Zhao, J. Pharm. Anal. 2 (2012) 35 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2011.09.009)
J. M. Fuentes-Alventosa, S. Jaramillo, G. Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, P. Cermeño, J. A. Espejo, A. Jiménez-Araujo, R. Guillén-Bejarano, J. Fernández-Bolaños, R. Rodríguez-Arcos, J. Agric. Food. Chem. 56 (2008) 6977 (https://doi.org/10.1021/jf8009766)
F. Sánchez-Rabaneda, O. Jáuregui, I. Casals, C. Andrés-Lacueva, M. Izquierdo-Pulido, R. M. Lamuela-Raventós, J. Mass Spectrom. 38 (2003) 35 (https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.395)
S. I. Falcão, M. Vilas-Boas, L. M. Estevinho, C. Barros, M. R. M. Domingues, S. M. Cardoso, Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 396 (2010) 887 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-3232-8)
J. Sun, F. Liang, Y. Bin, P. Li, C. Duan, Molecules 12 (2007) 679 (https://doi.org/10.3390/12030679)
M. F. Ahmad, A. Alsayegh, F. A. Ahmad, M. S. Akhtar, S. S. Alavudeen, F. Bantun, S. Wahab, A. Ahmed, M. Ali, E. Y. Elbendary, A. Raposo, N. Kambal, M. H. Abdelrahman, Heliyon 10 (2024) e25607 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25607)
D. S. Ghallab, E. Shawky, M. M. Mohyeldin, A. M Metwally, R. S. Ibrahim, J. Adv. Pharm. Sci. 2 (2025) 76 (https://doi.org/10.21608/japs.2025.336494.1032)
M. Radeva-Ilieva, S. Stoeva, N. Hvarchanova, K. D. Georgiev, Foods 14 (2025) 745 (https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050745)
A. A. H. Ali, J. Trace Elem. Miner. 4 (2023) 100076 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemin.2023.100076)
M. A. Farag, B. Abib, Z. Qin, X. Ze, S. E. Ali, Curr. Res. Nutr. Food Sci. 6 (2023) 100450 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100450)
M. N. Djide, Sartini, L. Rahman, N. Hasyim, Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res. 3 (2014) 15 (http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/jan2014/Antibacterial-Activity-Of-Various-Extracts-From-The-Fruiting-Bodies-Of-Ganoderma-Lucidum-Growing-At-Samanea-Saman-jacq-Merr-Trunk.pdf)
J. Singh, S. Gupta, S. Malviya, B. Ahrwar, Int. J. Adv. Res. 2 (2014) 460 (https://www.journalijar.com/uploads/31_IJAR-3328.pdf)
W. C. Reygaert, Front. Microbiol. 5 (2014) 434 (https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00434)
S. Ivančajić, I. Mileusnić, D. Cenić-Milošević, Arch. Biol. Sci. 62 (2010) 915 (https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1004915I)
P. Ristivojević, I. Dimkić, J. Trifković, T. Berić, I. Vovk, D. Milojković-Opsenica, S. Stanković, PLoS One 11 (2016) e0157097 (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157097)
S. Stepanović, N. Antić, I. Dakić, M. Švabić-Vlahović, Microbiol. Res. 158 (2003) 353 (https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-5013-00215).