Spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of 5,6-dichloro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-(4'/5'/6'-substituted)-phenols (HL1–HL20) and Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes of HL1 Scientific paper

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Published: Feb 8, 2026
Updated: 08.02.2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC250806078T
Keywords:
benzimidazolylphenol halogen transition metal complexes antibacterial antifungal

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Aydin Tavman
Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Division, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Türkiye
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7153-5350
Demet Gürbüz
Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Division, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Türkiye
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4679-7890
Mayram Hacioglu
Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 34452 Beyazit, Istanbul, Türkiye
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-631X
Adem Cinarli
Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Division, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Türkiye
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3168-8058
Onur Sahin
Sinop University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, 57000 Sinop, Türkiye
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3765-3235
A. Seher Birteksöz Tan
Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, 34452 Beyazit, Istanbul, Türkiye
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-710X

Abstract

5,6-Dichloro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-(4'/5'/6'-substituted)-phenols (HL1–HL20) and MCl2 complexes (M: Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd) of HL1 were syn­thesized and characterized by various physicochemical and spectroscopic methods such as elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The structures of the complexes were also con­firmed by performing molar conductivity and magnetic moment measurements. HL1 acted as a bidentate, monobasic chelating ligand with NO donor sites in all the complexes. It was found that all complexes have non-electrolytic properties and the M:L ratios are 1:1 in the Zn(II) complex and 1:2 in the other complexes. Crystal structure of HL18 was also investigated. The presence of both intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding was observed in both molecules. According to the fluorescence spectral data, the substituents at the 4-position made the fluorescence emission shifted to the lower wavelengths (redshift) compared to HL1, while the substituents at the 3- and 5-positions caused a blue shift effect. The Zn(II) complex showed a greater redshift effect compared to the other com­plexes. In addition, antimicrobial activity of the compounds was evaluated against six bacteria and three fungi. It was observed that HL1 and its mono sub­stituted derivatives (HL1–HL11) show selective activity especially against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Zn(II) complex showed relatively higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria differently from the other complexes.

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A. Tavman, D. Gürbüz, M. Hacioglu, A. Cinarli, O. . Sahin, and A. S. Birteksöz Tan, “Spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of 5,6-dichloro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-(4’/5’/6’-substituted)-phenols (HL1–HL20) and Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II) complexes of HL1: Scientific paper”, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., Feb. 2026.
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Inorganic Chemistry
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Author Biography

Aydin Tavman, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Division, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Türkiye

Department of Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry Division

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